“Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)”
He showeth who is the author of the minister generally: for herein the whole ministry agreeth, that whether they be Apostles, or Shepherds, or Doctors, they are appointed of God. Cross references: : Titus 1:3 Christ no doubt is man, but he is God also, and head of the Church, and in this respect to be exempted out of the number of men. A salutation comprehending in few words, the sum of the Apostle’s doctrine, and also besides straightway from the beginning, showing the gravity meet for the authority of an Apostle, which he had to maintain against the false apostles. He toucheth the instrumental cause: for this is a peculiar prerogative to the Apostles, to be called immediately from Christ.